We review current evidence and controversies concerning the use of the terms post-concussion symptoms vs. However, this term has been the subject of debate since the mechanisms underlying post-concussion symptoms and the role of pre- and post-injury-related factors are still poorly understood. Whereas, recovery can be expected in the majority of patients, a subset continues to report persisting somatic, cognitive, emotional, and/or behavioral problems, generally referred to as post-concussion syndrome (PCS). Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) presents a substantial burden to patients, families, and health care systems. 5Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States.4Department of Emergency Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.3Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
2Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany.
1Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
Haagsma 1,4, Ramon Diaz-Arrastia 5 and Nicole von Steinbuechel 2 Real 2, Amra Covic 2, Anastasia Gorbunova 2, Daphne C.
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